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NRDC SRN1 (Saunders Roe Nautical One)

• Introduction
• Construction and First Flight
• A Recollection
• First cross-channel flight to Dover
• SRN1 Later Years

The SRN1 was the first full-sized proof-of-concept hovercraft, built in 1959 by Sauders Roe (Aviation) under commission from the British National Research and Development Corporation (NRDC). The craft was designed by the inventor of the hovercraft, Sir Christopher Cockerell (Wikipedia page). The craft astounded all on its first flights from its production factory at East Cowes, Isle of Wight, both on land and on the waters of the Solent.

Later that year on the 25th July, 1959, Cockerell, navigator John Chaplin and chief test pilot Capt. Peter Lamb were the full crew of the craft on its most famous flight, that being the first flight of a hovercraft across the English Channel from Calais to Dover. With Cockerell providing inventive dynamic ballast by careful positioning of himself around the structure, the crossing was made in a time of 2 hours 3 minutes, overcoming the obstacles of non-favourable winds and moderate swell on the water. This flight proved the hovercraft's capabilities, though also showed the limitations of the initial design, that being, a skirtless one providing little in the way of obstacle clearance. It wasn't until Cecil Latimer-Needham invented the flexible skirt (and subsequently sold the patent to Westland, the parent company of Saunders Roe) that air cushion technology really 'took off' [Hovercraft Museum, 2007; Hayden, 1969; McLeavy, 1976]. The SRN1 prototype continued to be developed by Westland, Saunders Roe and the NRDC and even received a skirt and an additional engine in the form of a Rolls-Royce Viper jet to increase its thrust output.

The SRN1 is now at home at RAF Wroughton, Swindon, England, an extension of The Science Museum. Photos of her in her current state and more can be found at The Hovercraft Museum.

Table: Performance specifications for the original SRN1 hovercraft (Sources: Barton, 2004; Hovercraft Museum, 2007).

Construction and First Flight (Photos sent by Peter Insole)

	Construction The shell of the SRN1 during construction. The engine mount and main intake is clearly visible as is the inner shell of the plenum chamber. The top criss-cross of beams is the start of the outer layer of the plenum which, when reaching the edges of the craft, deflected the air downwards creating the famous air cushion effect by Momentum Curtain.
	Construction Here is shown a later stage in the SRN1's build, including the cockpit (right), engine, and support for the propeller. Also can be seen one of the two air ducts (lower middle) used to bleed air from the main lift fan to provide thrust in the form of two directional air jets.
	First Flight The first flight of the SRN1 on the concrete slipway at East Cowes. The astonished crowd of photographers and journalists would have seen nearly a foot of air beneath the craft during its hover. Note the ground wheels attached to the four corners of the craft.

A Recollection

"My bedroom in Cowes IOW looked out across the river Medina directly towards the Saunders and Roe hangar and hard standing.  As a twelve year old, I viewed in awe at each and every test flight of the SRN1.

My father and many of my family were employed at Saunders and Roe and my father would have made parts for the SRN1, as he worked in the machine shop at the East Cowes factory.

I remember at one time, the families of employees were invited onto the hard standing for a demonstration flight.  After the flight, the younger ones, myself included were permitted to climb onto the craft and sit in the cockpit.

The sight of the SRN1 (pre skirt) buzzing around Cowes was amazing, you could hear it coming a mile away, but could only catch glimpses of the craft through the huge spray that it kicked up.  How Chris Lamb ever saw where he was going just amazed me. Later improvements, such as the skirt, saw a marked difference, both from the pilot's point of view and spectators, who could now see the entire craft, without the wall of spray.

I remember my father telling me that the first flight on water had not actually been planned and that Chris Lamb had taken it onto the water primarily to give the press a great photo (amazingly risky, given the huge investment in the SRN1).

Subsequent hovercraft I find interesting, but none can come close to that sense of excitement felt by the whole town every time that the SRN1 came out for a test.  We all felt a sense of pride and ownership, but none of us, I think,  actually realised that we were watching history in the making." - Gil James, 2009.

First Cross-Channel flight to Dover

	Famous Shot The SRN1 was the first hovercraft to cross the English Channel. It crossed the channel in 2 hours on 25th July 1959 with Cockerell and Chaplin on board, piloted by Capt. Peter Lamb. This flight was exactly 50 years to the day to when Louis Bleriot successfully flew the first plane across the channel (Source: Croome, 1984)
	SRN1 Arrives at Dover From the beach, SRN1 arrives with Cockerell, Chaplin and Lamb on board. Alec Morecraft who took this and the next photo was lucky enough to have happened to be on Dover Seafront at the time of this historic arrival (Photo: Alec Morecraft).
	Rear of the craft You can see the two fuel tanks behind the main air intake, as well as the port rudder and main thrust duct (Photo: Alec Morecraft)

SRN1 Later Years
Images by J Lawrence [gallery homepage]

SRN1 sitting on a beach presumably on the south coast of England. Note her new bow structure, and increased machinery to the aft, following years of development and research by NRDC, BHC (British Hovercraft Corporation) and the IHTU (Inter-service Hovercraft Trials Unit)

Page updated: 08/15/2010